• Stephenie Meyer Midnight Sun
• Twilight Stephenie Meyer Pdf

Twilight (stylized as twilight) is a 2005 young adultvampire-romance novel^[3][4] by author Stephenie Meyer. It is the first book in the Twilight series, and introduces seventeen-year-old Isabella 'Bella' Swan, who moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington. She is endangered after falling in love with Edward Cullen, a vampire. Additional novels in the series are New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn.

Twilight received lukewarm reviews. Some praised the novel's tone and its portrayal of common teenage emotions such as alienation and rebellion. Others criticized Meyer's prose and argued the story was lacking in character development. It reached number five on the New York Times bestseller list within a month of its release^[5] and eventually reached first place.^[6] The novel was named one of Publishers Weekly's Best Children's Books of 2005.^[7]

Vari libri-Italiano-Pdf-117mb. Stephenie Meyer - Midnight Sun. The Tr.im team has removed this link for your safety. We (Tr.im team) work to make sure all our stakeholders adhere to our terms and conditions and our general safety. Word power made easy book pdf free, power compressor serial, word powerpoint to, hydro power plant pdf download. Well when you get on Stephenie Meyers website your going click on the tab at the top that says twilight series, and then your going to the tab on the left that says Midnight sun, and then go scroll down until you see the hyperlink that say Midnight sun partial draft.

The film adaptation, released in 2008, was a commercial success, grossing more than $392 million worldwide^[8] and making an additional $157 million in North American DVD sales as of July 2009.^[9] The book was the biggest-selling of 2008;^[10] in 2009, it was the second-biggest selling, losing only to its sequel New Moon.^[11]

As of 2008, Twilight has been translated into 37 different languages.^[12]

In October 2015, Stephenie Meyer announced a new gender-swapped version of the novel, entitled Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined, with characters Beau and Edythe, in honor of the 10th anniversary of the Twilight saga.^[13]

• 1Plot
• 6Critical reception
• 7Adaptations

Plot[edit]

Plot summary[edit]

Bella Swan is a seventeen-year-old who moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington on the Olympic Peninsula to live with her father, Charlie. Her mother, Renée, is traveling with her new husband, Phil Dwyer, a minor league baseball player. Bella is admitted to Forks High School, where she befriends many of the students. A somewhat inexperienced and shy girl, Bella is dismayed by several boys competing for her attention.

As Bella walks into the class, a fan blows her scent towards a mysterious boy named Edward Cullen. Bella sits next to Edward in biology class on her first day of school, but he seems repulsed by her, which offends her. He disappears for a few days but warms up to Bella upon his return. Their newfound relationship is interrupted after Bella is nearly struck by a van in the school parking lot. Edward saves Bella, stopping the van with only his hand.

Bella questions Edward about how he saved her life until she hears that Edward and his family are actually vampires who only drink animal blood. She is told legends of the local Quileute people by a friend named Jacob Black, who she met during a campout. Disturbed and riddled by recurring nightmares, Bella researches about vampires. Much to her dismay, she then realizes that Edward hadn't come to school on the blood typing day, because he is a vampire. She compares the characteristics of the vampires in mythology to the Cullens and finds many similarities. Convinced that he is a vampire, she finds herself in a state of bewilderment. Bella is saved by Edward again in Port Angeles when she is almost attacked. Driving a silver Volvo, Edward takes Bella to dinner and then back home. As they drive, she tells him of the stories that he is a vampire. Edward says he tried to stay away, finding her scent too desirable. Over time, Edward and Bella fall in love.

Their relationship is affected when a nomad vampire coven arrives in Forks. James, a tracker vampire who is intrigued by Cullen's relationship with a human, wants to hunt Bella for sport. The Cullen family try to separate Bella and Edward, and they send Bella to Phoenix to hide in a hotel. James calls and claims to be holding her mother hostage. When Bella surrenders, James attacks her. Before he can finish her, Edward and other Cullens rescue her and kill James. He still attacks the girl. Edward prevents her from becoming a vampire, and she is treated at a hospital. After they return to Forks, they go to the school prom together. Bella says that she wants to become a vampire, but Edward will not help at the time.

Bella's desire to become a vampire increases throughout the series. Edward continues to refuse as he hates being immortal, and does not want Bella to suffer the same fate.

Main characters[edit]

• Isabella Swan - Isabella, who prefers to be called Bella, is a 17-year-old girl. She moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington to live with her father. Her mother moves to Florida with her second husband. Bella has a kind and awkward personality that is more mature than most girls her age. She is intelligent and observant, noticing and formulating theories about the Cullens' strange behaviors, physical features, and unusual abilities. As the novel progresses, Bella unconsciously learns how to make difficult choices and accept their consequences.^[14]
• Edward Cullen - Edward is a 109-year-old vampire who was transformed by Carlisle Cullen when he was near death with Spanish Influenza in 1918. He has a supernatural gift for reading people's minds. Since Edward's transformation into a vampire, he had never fallen in love nor believed that he needed to. He later realizes that his existence was completely pointless and without an aim. In Bella he finds compassion, love, acceptance and care.^[14] In Twilight, Edward has a pessimistic personality influenced by Meyer's naturally pessimistic character.^[15] His character was also influenced by Mr. Rochester from Jane Eyre.^[16]

• James - James is a vampire with an unusual ability to track people. When the Cullens try to protect Bella, James figures she will be the biggest hunt of his life.
• Jacob Black - Young Jacob Black may be Bella's favorite non-vampire friend. He is a Quileute Indian and lives on La Push reservation, not far from Forks. Upon first meeting, Bella is charmed and impressed by Jacob in many ways. Jacob learns that he is similar to Bella in many ways. Her father Charlie sees that Jacob is safe boyfriend material, the kind of guy he would approve her dating.
• Carlisle Cullen - Carlisle is a handsome, conscientious doctor. As patriarch of the Cullen clan, Carlisle started the practice of a 'vegetarian' (no human) diet. As a human in the 17th century, Carlisle was the son of an anti-'evil-being' pastor.

Development[edit]

Meyer claims that the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003. She dreamed of a human girl and a vampire who loved her but still wanted her blood. Inspired by her dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what is now Chapter 13 of the book.^[17] The first drafts were titled Forks instead of Twilight; the publisher requested the title change. At first, Meyer didn't name her two main characters. She chose Edward, influenced by Edward Rochester from Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre and Edward Ferrars from Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility. She named the female lead Isabella, thinking she would have chosen that for a daughter. Rosalie and Jasper were originally named Carol and Ronald.^[18]

Meyer continued writing to the end chronologically, not worrying about the backstory. She lettered the chapters instead of numbering them, Chapter 13 being E. The last chapter of the first draft kept getting longer and longer, so she wrote epilogue after epilogue. However, she realized that she wanted to explore many of the events in the backstory and the reasons behind the events in the chapters, so she planned to write a 5-6 chapter backstory. Instead, these turned into twelve chapters by the time she was finished.^[19] In a matter of three months she had completed a novel.^[20] She has said she was writing for her own enjoyment, never thinking of publishing the work.^[21] She finished the manuscript on August 29, 2003.^[22]

Her sister liked the book and encouraged Meyer to send the manuscript to literary agencies.^[23] Of the 15 letters she wrote, five went unanswered, nine brought rejections, and the last was a positive response from Jodi Reamer of Writers House.^[24] Meyer had merely sent out letters to literary agents inquiring if they would be interested in a 130,000-word manuscript about teenage vampires.^[25] Luck helped. An inexperienced assistant at Writers House responded to her inquiry, not knowing that young adult books are expected to be about 40,000 to 60,000 words in length.^[25] Due to that error, Reamer eventually read Meyer's manuscript and signed her up as a client.^[25] During the editing process, a chapter that used to be Chapter 20 was cut out of the manuscript along with Emmett's account of his bear attack and some parts of the epilogue.^[26]

Cover[edit]

Stephenie Meyer has said the apple on the cover represents the forbidden fruit from the Book of Genesis and Bella and Edward's forbidden love. She uses a quote from Genesis 2:17 at the beginning of the book. It also represents Bella's knowledge of good and evil, and the choices she makes.^[27] Meyer says, 'It asks if you are going to bite in and discover the frightening possibilities around you or refuse and stay safe in the comfortable world you know.'^[28] An alternative cover features Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson, the actors who play the lead characters in the film adaptation.

Awards and honors[edit]

• Among Publishers Weekly's 'Best Children's Books of 2005'^[7]
• Among School Library Journal's 'Best Books of 2005'^[29]

Publication[edit]

Meyer's inquiry letter was initially rejected by 14 agents.^[30] Eight publishers competed for the rights to publish Twilight in the 2003 auction.^[24]Little, Brown and Company originally bid for $300,000, but Meyer's agent asked for $1 million; the publishers finally settled on $750,000 for three books.^[31]Twilight was published in 2005 with a print run of 75,000 copies.^[24] It debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller list within a month of its release,^[5] and later peaked at #1.^[6] Foreign rights to the novel were sold to over 26 countries.^[32]

In October 2008, Twilight was ranked #26 in USA Today's list of 'Bestselling Books of Last 15 Years'.^[33] Later, the book went on to become the best-selling book of 2008.^[34] and the second biggest selling of 2009, only behind its sequel New Moon.^[35]

For the tenth anniversary release Meyer released Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined alongside the original Twilight. Life and Death is a reimagining of the story with Beau (a male human) and Edythe (a female vampire) as the leads.

Critical reception[edit]

Initial reviews for Twilight were generally positive, with Publishers Weekly called Meyer one of the most 'promising new authors of 2005'.^[36]The Times praised the book for capturing 'perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual tension and alienation',^[37] and Amazon.com hailed the book as 'deeply romantic and extraordinarily suspenseful'.^[38] Hillias J. Martin of School Library Journal addresses the appeal of the novel to be due to its clear and understandable nature, allowing readers to become fully engaged^[39] Norah Piehl of TeenReads also wrote, 'Twilight is a gripping blend of romance and horror'.^[40]Publishers Weekly's starred review described Bella's 'infatuation with outsider Edward', their risky relationship, and 'Edward's inner struggle' as a metaphor for sexual frustration accompanying adolescence.^[41]Booklist wrote, 'There are some flaws here–a plot that could have been tightened, an over reliance on adjectives and adverbs to bolster dialogue–but this dark romance seeps into the soul.'^[42] Christopher Middleton of The Daily Telegraph called the book a 'high school drama with a bloody twist ... no secret, of course, at whom this book is aimed, and no doubt, either, that it has hit its mark.^[43] Jennifer Hawes of The Post and Courier said, 'Twilight, the first book in Stephenie Meyer's series, gripped me so fiercely that I called the nearest teenager I know and begged for her copy after I misplaced my own.'^[44] Roberta Goli of Suite101.com gave the novel a positive review, saying that while 'the first half of the novel lacks action', the writing is 'fluid' and the story 'interesting'. She also praised the depth of emotion shown between the main characters for pinpointing 'the angst of teenage love.' Jana Reiss noted the presence of Mormon themes in the Twilight series, seeing Edward Cullen's struggle against carnal desires as an example of Mormonism's 'natural man.'^[45]

Kirkus gave a more mixed review, noting that, '[Twilight] is far from perfect: Edward's portrayal as monstrous tragic hero is overly Byronic, and Bella's appeal is based on magic rather than character. Nonetheless, the portrayal of dangerous lovers hits the spot; fans of dark romance will find it hard to resist.'^[46] The New York Times review stated, 'The premise of Twilight is attractive and compelling — who hasn't fantasized about unearthly love with a beautiful stranger? — but the book suffers at times from overearnest, amateurish writing. A little more 'showing' and a lot less 'telling' might have been a good thing, especially some pruning to eliminate the constant references to Edward's shattering beauty and Bella's undying love.' ^[47] Although the Daily Telegraph later listed Twilight at number 32 on its list of '100 books that defined the noughties', it said that the novel was 'Astonishing, mainly for the ineptitude of [Meyer's] prose'.^[48] Elizabeth Hand said in a review for the Washington Post, 'Meyer's prose seldom rises above the serviceable, and the plotting is leaden'.^[49]

Book challenges[edit]

Twilight was on the American Library Association Top Ten List of the Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2010, for containing a 'religious viewpoint' and 'violence'.^[50] The Twilight series was on the same list in 2009 for being 'sexually explicit', 'unsuited to age group', and having a 'religious viewpoint'.^[51] A New York City Psychologist addressed issues in the Twilight series and how it relates to women and expectations of healthy relationships versus illusion based relationships with her short film 'Into The Twilight Haze'.^[52] The Marshall University Libraries also pinpoints areas wherein several schools have removed the novel off their shelves since its release.^[53] These Libraries mention the hyper-sexual nature of the novel, as well as the religious controversy within the plot.^[53] Acclaimed author and critic, Doctor Alyson Miller explains the skeptical nature of the church in regards to all controversial literature due to the inherent 'impressionable' feature of the young demographic.^[54]

Adaptations[edit]

Film[edit]

Twilight was adapted as a film by Summit Entertainment. The film was directed by Catherine Hardwicke and stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson as protagonists Bella and Edward. The screenplay was adapted by Melissa Rosenberg. The movie was released in theaters in the United States on November 21, 2008,^[55] and on DVD on March 21, 2009.^[56] The DVD was released in Australia on April 22, 2009.^[57]

Graphic novel[edit]

On July 15, 2009, Entertainment Weekly confirmed rumors that a graphic novel adaptation of Twilight was in the works. The book was drawn by Korean artist Young Kim and published by Yen Press. Stephenie Meyer reviewed every panel herself. According to EW, 'it doesn't look simply like an artist's rendering of Kristen Stewart and Rob Pattinson. In fact, the characters seem to be an amalgam of Meyer's literary imagination and the actors' actual looks.' EW magazine published finished illustrations of Edward, Bella, and Jacob in their July 17, 2009 issue.^[58] The first part of the graphic novel was released on March 16, 2010.^[59]

References[edit]

1. ^'Twilight (Hardcover)'. Amazon.ca. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
2. ^'Twilight (Paperback)'. Amazon.ca. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
3. ^Gregory Kirschling (2007-08-02). 'Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone'. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
4. ^Mike Russell (2008-05-11). ''Twilight' taps teen-vampire romance'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
5. ^ ^ab'Her Literary Career - Stephenie Meyer'. Time.com. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
6. ^ ^ab'Children's Books - New York Times'. New York Times. 2007-06-17. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
7. ^ ^abJennifer M. Brown and Diane Roback (2005-11-03). 'Best Children's Books of 2005'. Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on November 23, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-01.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
8. ^'Twilight (2008)'. Box Office Mojo. 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
9. ^'Twilight - DVD Sales'. The Numbers. 2009-03-22. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
10. ^Debarros, Anthony; Cadden, Mary; DeRamus, Kristin; Schnaars, Christopher (2009-01-14). 'The top 100 titles of 2008'. USA Today. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
11. ^Debarros, Anthony; Cadden, Mary; DeRamus, Kristin; Schnaars, Christopher (January 6, 2010). 'Best-Selling Books: The top 100 of 2009'. USA Today. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
12. ^Kenneth Turan (2008-11-21). 'Movie Review: 'Twilight''. LA Times. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
13. ^New Twilight Book, New York Times
14. ^ ^abMeyer, Stephenie (October 2005). Twilight. Little, Brown and Company.
15. ^.Meyer, Stephenie (April 2011). 'A Conversation with Shannon Hale, On Endings and Inevitability'. The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide. Little, Brown and Company. SM:'He's such a pessimist—oh my gosh, Edward‘s a pessimist.'
16. ^.Meyer, Stephenie (April 2011). 'A Conversation with Shannon Hale, On Literary Inspirations'. The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide. Little, Brown and Company. SH:'...there's something a little Rochestery about Edward for me.' SM:'Yeah.'
17. ^Walker, Michael R. (Winter 2007). 'A Teenage Tale With Bite'. Brigham Young University Magazine. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
18. ^'The Story Behind 'Twilight''. StephenieMeyer.com. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
19. ^Meyer, Stephenie (April 2011). 'A Conversation with Shannon Hale, On How It All Began'. The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide. Little, Brown and Company.
20. ^Lev Grossman (2008-04-24). 'Stephenie Meyer: A New J.K. Rowling?'. Time. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
21. ^'BookStories Interview with Stephenie Meyer'. BookStories. Changing Hands Bookstore. August 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-09-02. Retrieved 2009-08-15.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
22. ^Meyer, Stephenie (April 2011). 'A Conversation with Shannon Hale, On How It All Began'. The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide. Little, Brown and Company. SM:...And I finished it around my brother‘s wedding, which was—he just had his anniversary—I think it was the twenty-ninth of August?
23. ^Damian Whitworth (2008-05-13). 'Harry who? Meet the new J.K. Rowling'. London: The Times. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
24. ^ ^abc'Stephenie Meyer By the Numbers'. Publishers Weekly. 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
25. ^ ^abcRosman, Kathleen (22 January 2010). 'The Death of the Slush Pile'. Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
26. ^'Twilight Series - Twilight - Outtakes'. StephenieMeyer.com. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
27. ^'What's with the apple?'. www.stepheniemeyer.com. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
28. ^Meyer, Stephenie (April 2011). 'Frequently Asked Questions, Question A'. The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide. Little, Brown and Company. It asks if you are going to bite in and discover the frightening possibilities around you or refuse and stay safe in the comfortable world you know.
29. ^Trevelyn Jones (2005-12-01). 'Best Books 2005'. School Library Journal. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
30. ^Rebecca Murray. 'Interview with 'Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer'. About.com. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
31. ^Cecelia Goodnow (2005-10-08). 'Debut writer shines with 'Twilight''. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
32. ^'Stephenie Meyer'. Waterstone's. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
33. ^'USA Today's best-selling books of last 15 years'. USA Today. 2008-10-30. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
34. ^Mary Cadden (2009-01-15). 'New star authors made, old ones rediscovered in 2008'. USA Today. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
35. ^Debarros, Anthony; Cadden, Mary; DeRamus, Kristin; Schnaars, Christopher (January 6, 2010). 'Best-Selling Books: The top 100 of 2009'. USA TODAY. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
36. ^'Official Bio'. StephenieMeyer.com. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
37. ^Amanda Craig (2006-01-14). 'New-Age vampires stake their claim'. London: The Times. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
38. ^'Editorial Reviews'. Amazon.com. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
39. ^Hillias J. Martin (2005-10-01). 'Grades 5 and Up Reviews: October, 2005'. School Library Journal. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
40. ^Norah Piehl. 'Review: Twilight'. Teenreads.com. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
41. ^'Stephenie Meyer's official website — Twilight reviews'. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
42. ^'Booklist Review at Amazon.com'. Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
43. ^Christopher Middleton (2009-08-07). 'Twilight: high school drama with a bloody twist'. London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
44. ^Jennifer Hawes (2009-07-13). 'Living a real-life romance'. The Post and Courier. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
45. ^Grossman, Cathy Lynn (7 July 2010). ''Twilight' weaves Mormon ideas into supernatural love saga'. USATODAY.COM.
46. ^'Kirkus Review at B&N.com'. B&N.com. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
47. ^Elizabeth Spires (2006-02-12). ''Enthusiasm,' by Polly Shulman and 'Twilight,' by Stephenie Meyer'. nytimes.com. New York: New York Times. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
48. ^Brian MacArthur (2009-11-13). '100 books that defined the noughties'. telegraph.co.uk. London: Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
49. ^Hand, Elizabeth (2008-08-10). 'Love Bites'. The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
50. ^Frequently challenged books of the 21st century, ALA, 2010.
51. ^Frequently challenged books of the 21st century, ALA, 2009.
52. ^Frequently challenged books of the 21st century, a Psychologists view, Dr. Niloo Dardashti.
53. ^ ^ab'Marshall University'. www.marshall.edu. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
54. ^Miller, Alyson (Spring 2014). 'Unsuited to Age Group: The Scandals of Children's Literature'. COLLEGE LITERATURE: A JOURNAL OF CRITICAL LITERARY STUDIES.
55. ^'Stephenie Meyer's official website — Twilight news archive'. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
56. ^'Summit Home Entertainment's Saturday Release of Twilight Unleashes With Over 3 Million Units Sold' (Press release). Summit Entertainment. 2009-03-22. Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-03-22.Cite uses deprecated parameter deadurl= (help)
57. ^Gillian Cumming (2009-04-19). 'Stephanie [sic] Meyer reflects on bright Twilight as DVD looms'. The Courier Mail. Archived from the original on 2009-04-22. Retrieved 2009-04-21.
58. ^Tina Jordan (2009-07-15). ''Twilight' exclusive: Graphic novel version on the way!'. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
59. ^Meyer, Stephenie (2011-10-24). ''Twilight' Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 1'. Retrieved 2011-10-25.

External links[edit]

Quotations related to Twilight (Meyer novel) at Wikiquote

The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (commonly referred to as Eclipse) is a 2010 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer's 2007 novel Eclipse. It is the third installment of The Twilight Saga film series, following 2008's Twilight and 2009's New Moon. Summit Entertainmentgreenlit the film in February 2009.^[4] Directed by David Slade, the film stars Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprising their roles as Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, and Jacob Black, respectively.^[5]Melissa Rosenberg, who penned the scripts for both Twilight and New Moon, returned as screenwriter.^[6]Filming began on August 17, 2009, at Vancouver Film Studios,^[7] and finished in late October, with post-production began early the following month.^[8]Bryce Dallas Howard was cast as Victoria, replacing Rachelle Lefevre who previously played her.

The film was released worldwide on June 30, 2010 in theatres, and became the first Twilight film to be released in IMAX.^[4][9] The film has received mixed reception from critics. It held the record for biggest midnight opening in the United States and Canada in box office history, grossing an estimated $30 million,^[10] until it was surpassed by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 in 2011.^[10][11] The film then scored the biggest Wednesday opening in the United States and Canada history with $68,533,840 beating Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen's $62 million.^[12]Eclipse has also become the film with the widest independent release, playing in over 4,416 theaters, surpassing its predecessor, The Twilight Saga: New Moon, which held the record since November 2009.^[13]

• 3Production
• 4Distribution
• 5Reception

Plot[edit]

In Seattle, not far from Forks, Victoria still seeks vengeance on Bella for James’s death. Learning that Laurent is killed by wolves and to replace him and James, she attacks and bites Riley Biers in order to begin creating an army of newborns, who are many times stronger during their first few months than older vampires. Back in Forks, Edward Cullen and Bella Swan resume their relationship, and discuss the complications of becoming a vampire. At eighteen years old, one year older than Edward was when he became a vampire, Bella dislikes the idea of marrying so young, though Edward refuses to turn her into a vampire until they are married, his argument being that she should have a normal, human life. While Bella's father, Charlie Swan, investigates the disappearance of Riley Biers, Edward suspects his disappearance was caused by Victoria and her newborn's army, furthering his suspicions of Riley Biers' intrusion into Bella's bedroom to steal her red blouse.

Bella insists that Jacob Black and the rest of the wolf pack would never harm her. Bella wants to go to Jacob's home, even though Edward expresses his dislike of Jacob and concern for her safety, but she returns unharmed. During one of her visits, Jacob confesses that he is in love with Bella, and forcefully kisses her. Furious, she punches him and sprains her hand, and Edward later threatens Jacob and tells him to only kiss her if she asks him to. Bella even revokes the invitations of Jacob and his pack members to her graduation party at the Cullen house, but when Jacob apologizes for his behavior, she forgives him and lets him and the wolf pack attend the party.

Meanwhile, Alice sees a vision that the newborn army will attack Forks within the week, led by Riley Biers. Jacob, accompanied by Quil and Embry, overhear this, which leads to an alliance between the Cullens and wolf pack. Later, the Cullens and the wolves agree to a meeting place and time to train and discuss strategy against the powerful newborns. During their training Jasper explains to Bella that he was a Major in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, and he was created by a vampire named Maria to control a newborn army. He eventually realized that Maria used him to fulfill her own ambitions. He didn't know there was another way until he met Alice and joined the Cullens. Bella sees the true bond between a mated vampire pair and begins to understand Jasper better. Despite her reluctance to marry young, Bella realizes that spending eternity with Edward is more important to her than anything else and accepts his marriage proposal, along with his late mother's engagement ring. Edward and Bella camp in the mountains to hide Bella from the bloodthirsty newborns. During the night, Bella overhears a conversation between Edward and Jacob, in which they temporarily put aside their hatred towards each other. In the morning, Jacob overhears Edward and Bella discussing their engagement and is furious. Bella desperately asks Jacob to kiss her, and she realizes that she loves him. Edward learns about the kiss but is not upset, because Bella says she loves him more than Jacob.

When Victoria appears, Edward kills her while Seth kills Riley. The Cullens and the wolves, meanwhile, destroy her 'army', though Jacob is injured saving Leah from a newborn. Several members of the vampire overlords, the Volturi, arrive to deal with the newborn army, and are surprised the Cullens weren't killed. They also see that the Cullens are guarding the newborn, Bree Tanner, who had refused to fight and surrendered to Carlisle. Jane briefly tortures Bree to get information, then has Felix kill her, despite the Cullens' efforts to spare her. Carlisle treats Jacob at his home, and Bella visits him to tell him that even though she loves him, she has chosen Edward. Devastated by her choice, Jacob reluctantly agrees not to come between her and Edward.

Bella and Edward go to the meadow, where she tells him she has decided to do things his way: Get married, have a normal honeymoon, then be transformed into a vampire. She also explains that she never has been normal and never will be, that she's felt out of place her entire life, but when she is in Edward's world she feels stronger and complete. At the end of the story, they know they need to tell Charlie about their engagement, for which Bella is happy Edward is 'bulletproof.'

Cast[edit]

• Kristen Stewart as Bella Swan, who finds herself surrounded by danger and targeted by the vengeful vampire Victoria. In the meantime, she must choose between her love for vampire Edward Cullen and her friendship with werewolf Jacob Black.^[14]
• Robert Pattinson as Edward Cullen, Bella's vampire boyfriend who is capable of reading minds, except for Bella's. In New Moon, Edward left Bella, and now he has returned to try to stay a part of her life.^[15]
• Taylor Lautner as Jacob Black,^[5] a werewolf in whom Bella found solace during Edward's absence in New Moon. Now, Edward has returned to Bella's life permanently, and Jacob is looking for ways to prove that he is a better choice for her.
• Peter Facinelli as Carlisle Cullen, a compassionate doctor who acts as a father figure to the Cullen coven. He is the one that created the Cullen family except for Alice and Jasper.^[16]
• Elizabeth Reaser as Esme Cullen, a loving mother figure of the Cullen coven.^[17][18]
• Ashley Greene as Alice Cullen, a member of the Cullen family who can see 'subjective' visions of the future and who is close friends with Bella.^[19]
• Kellan Lutz as Emmett Cullen, the strongest member of the Cullen family, and provides comic relief.^[20]
• Nikki Reed as Rosalie Hale, who was raped by her fiancé and left to die before she became a vampire. She also feels that Bella is making a mistake for choosing to live the life of a vampire before she could live a full human life.^[21]
• Jackson Rathbone as Jasper Hale, a civil war fighter who was turned into a vampire to train newborns. He's also a member of the Cullen coven who trains his family to fight newborn vampires and can feel/control/manipulate emotions.^[22]
• Billy Burke as Charlie Swan, Bella's father and Forks' Chief of Police. Burke admits he has not read the Twilight books, saying, 'We can't make the book, we're making the movie', and that he works from the scripts.^[23]
• Bryce Dallas Howard as Victoria Sutherland, a vampire who wants to kill Bella to avenge her mate, James, whom she supposes to be killed by Edward in the first Twilight film. Howard replaces Rachelle Lefevre who played Victoria in the first two Twilight films.
• Dakota Fanning as Jane, loyal servant to the Volturi.
• Cameron Bright as Alec, Jane's Twin, loyal servant to the Volturi.
• Daniel Cudmore as Felix, who has a super strength ability, loyal servant to the Volturi.
• Ty Olsson as Phil
• Alex Meraz as Paul
• Julia Jones as Leah Clearwater
• Kiowa Gordon as Embry Call
• Chaske Spencer as Sam Uley
• Bronson Pelletier as Jared
• Booboo Stewart as Seth Clearwater
• Charlie Bewley as Demetri, loyal servant to the Volturi.
• Tyson Houseman as Quil Ateara
• Gil Birmingham as Billy Black
• Xavier Samuel as Riley Biers, a young man Victoria changed to help her form an army of newborn vampires as revenge against Bella for the death of her mate James (killed by Edward's family while rescuing Bella) and her friend Laurent (who was later killed by werewolves protecting Bella).
• Jodelle Ferland as Bree Tanner a newborn vampire created to fight the Cullens, in the newborn army.
• Sarah Clarke as Renée Dwyer, Bella's mother who lives in Jacksonville, Florida with her husband Phil.
• Anna Kendrick as Jessica Stanley, one of Bella's friends in Forks.
• Michael Welch as Mike Newton, one of Bella's friend's in Forks. Mike has a crush on Bella, and does not like Edward.
• Catalina Sandino Moreno as Maria, the vampire that turned Confederate Major Jasper into a vampire during the American Civil War.

Production[edit]

Development[edit]

In early November 2008, Summit announced that they had obtained the rights to the remaining books in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series: New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn.^[24] In February 2009, Summit confirmed that they would begin working on The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. On the same day, it was announced that since New Moon director Chris Weitz would be in post-production for New Moon when Eclipse began shooting, he would not be directing the third film.^[25][26] Instead, the film would be helmed by director David Slade, with Melissa Rosenberg returning as screenwriter. David Slade dove right into the project, interviewing cast members individually between two and three times to discuss characters and the plot.^[27]

Casting[edit]

Summit Entertainment revealed that they would replace Rachelle Lefevre, who played an evil vampire named Victoria, with Bryce Dallas Howard in late July 2009. They attributed the change to scheduling conflicts, and Lefevre responded by saying she was 'stunned' and 'greatly saddened' by the decision.^[28] Howard had previously rejected the role of Victoria as 'too small of a part' when she was approached to play her in Twilight.^[29]

Silent Hill's Jodelle Ferland was cast as the newly turned vampire, Bree Tanner.^[30] Other new cast members include Xavier Samuel as Riley,^[31]Jack Huston as Royce King II,^[32]Catalina Sandino Moreno as Maria, Julia Jones as Leah Clearwater, and Boo Boo Stewart as Seth Clearwater.^[30]

Actors who auditioned for the various roles were not given a script to work from. Instead, actress Kirsten Prout mentioned, 'they made the scenes exact transcripts from the book… They didn't give the screenplay out. So, the audition side was just reading a page of Twilight and reading the lines that were interspersed between the descriptions.'^[33]

Filming and post-production[edit]

Principal photography for Eclipse began on August 17, 2009, at Vancouver Film Studios.^[7][34] On August 29, photos captured Kristen Stewart, Billy Burke, and other principal actors, filming a scene with graduation caps and gowns.^[35] September 2 brought Xavier Samuel together with Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson filming at a soundstage for scenes at Bella's house.^[36] Director David Slade stated that they filmed a scene with a tent on September 13.^[37] He also said that they filmed a kiss between Jacob and Bella on September 17.^[38] Filming wrapped up on October 29, 2009, while post-production began in late November.^[8] Slade published multiple updates on his Twitter account proclaiming that editing was going well.^[39] He said the 'story and the way [they] approached the film calls for a more realistic approach.'^[40] In April 2010, it was revealed that reshoots to the film were needed. Both Slade and Stephenie Meyer were present at the shoot along with the three main stars.^[41]

In January 2010, an early draft of the film's script was leaked on the Internet.^[42] The script presumably belonged to star Jackson Rathbone, as his name was watermarked across each page.^[42]

Music[edit]

The score for The Twilight Saga: Eclipse was composed by Howard Shore, who composed the scores for such films as The Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Aviator.^[43] The film's soundtrack was released on June 8, 2010, by Atlantic Records in conjunction with music supervisor Alexandra Patsavas' Chop Shop label.^[44] The lead single from the soundtrack is 'Neutron Star Collision (Love Is Forever)', performed by the British band Muse.^[45]

On May 11, 2010, MySpace announced that the full Eclipse soundtrack listing would be unveiled starting at 8 a.m. the following morning every half-hour, totaling six hours.^[46] The album debuted at #2 on Billboard 200.^[47]

Distribution[edit]

Marketing[edit]

On November 5, 2009, the American Film Market revealed the first poster for Eclipse.^[48] In late February 2010, Summit Entertainment announced that the first trailer would be attached to the studio's own film, Remember Me, which also stars Robert Pattinson. On March 10, 2010, a 10-second preview of the trailer was released online,^[49] followed by the release of the full trailer the next day.^[50] The trailer's release coincided with the launching of the film's official website. On March 19, 2010, The Twilight Saga: New Moon was released on DVD and Blu-ray; the Walmart Ultimate Fan Edition includes a 7-minute first look at Eclipse.^[51] On March 23, the second poster for the film was released.^[52] The final Eclipse trailer debuted on The Oprah Winfrey Show, and in promotion for the movie, Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart, Taylor Lautner, and Dakota Fanning made a guest appearance on the show May 13; the audience also viewed a version of the film.^[53] On June 6, 2010, a sneak peek of the film was shown at the 2010 MTV Movie Awards; that same week, more clips and TV spots were released also.^[54]

In order to tie in the lunar eclipse on June 26, 2010, Summit Entertainment hosted screenings of the first two films in The Twilight Saga film series in twelve cities throughout the United States. The event was streamed live from Philadelphia and San Diego, and included cast member appearances and special previews of Eclipse.^[55]

Nordstrom and Summit Entertainment joined together to sell a fashion collection inspired by the film, as was done for the previous installment. Created by Awake Inc., the collection is based on Ashley Greene's character, Alice, and Kristen Stewart's character, Bella. The Eclipse collection became available on June 4, 2010.^[56] In a similar style to its New Moon marketing, Burger King started promoting the film on Monday, June 21, 2010. Their promotion heavily focuses on the 'Team Jacob vs. Team Edward' aspect of the film.^[57]

Release[edit]

Tickets for Eclipse went on sale on various online movie ticket sellers on Friday, May 14, 2010.^[58] The official red carpet premiere for the film was held on June 24, 2010, at the Los Angeles Nokia Theatre.^[59][60] Fans had the option of lining up starting on June 21, 2010, at the Nokia Plaza in Los Angeles before changing location on June 23.^[61] An official United Kingdom premiere was held in Leicester Square, London on July 1, 2010. However, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner were not present.^[62]

Eclipse opened in 4,416 theaters and 193 IMAX screens. With that, early predictions forecasted the film will gross anywhere from $150 million to $180 million within its first six days of release, putting the record set by The Twilight Saga: New Moon in danger of being broken.^[63][64]Eclipse accounted for 82 percent of Fandango's online ticket sales, reaching the top five on May 14, 2010.^{[citation needed]}MovieTickets.com stated that Eclipse was the top advance ticket seller on its site, with more than 50 percent of daily ticket sales.^[65] The film was the top advance ticket seller as of June 2010.^[66] Early ticket sales for the film also have broken records for Gold Class Cinemas, where more than 8,500 Twilight fans have reserved tickets; the Fairview, Texas location sold out their showings of Eclipse for June 30.^[67]

The film was re-released into theaters on September 13, 2010 in recognition of lead character Bella Swan's birthday.^[68]

Home media[edit]

The Twilight Saga: Eclipse was released on DVD in the United States on December 4, 2010. The two-disc special-edition DVD and Blu-ray discs include special features such as: eight deleted and extended scenes, music videos by Muse and Metric from The Twilight Saga: Eclipse: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack and commentaries by Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson, Stephenie Meyer and Wyck Geoffery.^[69] It was released on December 1, 2010 in New Zealand and Australia. There is also a 'gift set' two-disc collector's edition which features a unique packaging and six collectible photo cards.^[70] In North American DVD sales, the film has currently grossed $164,676,695 and has sold more than 9,424,505 units.^[71]

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

Eclipse set a new record for the biggest midnight opening in the United States and Canada in box office history, grossing an estimated $30.1 million in over 4,000 theaters.^[10] The record was formerly held by the previous film New Moon with $26.3 million in 3,514 theaters.^[10] It held the record until summer 2011, when it was broken by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, which made $43.5 million.^[72]Eclipse also had the highest midnight gross of the franchise until it was topped in November 2011 by its successor Breaking Dawn – Part 1 ($30.3 million).^[73] The movie also surpassed Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen in total grosses for a midnight screening in IMAX. Eclipse garnered more than $1 million at 192 theaters, while Revenge of the Fallen earned $959,000,^[74] until it was beaten five months later by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 with $1.4 million.^[75] The film grossed $68.5 million on its opening day in the United States and Canada, becoming the biggest single-day Wednesday opening over Revenge of the Fallen's $62 million,^[76] and the third-biggest single-day opening ever at the time.^[12] As of 2011, the film has the third-highest opening-day gross of the series behind New Moon ($72.7 million) and Breaking Dawn – Part 1 ($72.0 million).^[77] Furthermore, the film earned $9 million at various IMAX locations during its first week.^[78]

After six days of release in the U.S. and Canada, the film ended Independence Day with a total of $176.4 million, including $64.8 million during its first weekend.^[79] In its second weekend, the film fell 51%, a better standing than its predecessors, grossing an estimated $31.7 million.^[80]

The film opened overseas with $16.2 million, beating records set by the film's predecessor in Russia with an estimated $3.9 million (since surpassed by Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, which earned $5 million), in Italy with an estimated $3.1 million, in the Philippines grossing $1.2 million, and in Belgium, where it grossed an estimated $1.1 million. It is the third-best opening day ever in Italy; in the Philippines, Eclipse topped Spider-Man 3 for the best opening day ever, and was the highest opening day ever in Belgium.^[81] In three days, Eclipse topped the box office with $121.3 million^[82] and during its first weekend, it earned $71.3 million.

Overseas in its second weekend, the film grossed $70.6 million from 9,440 screens in 63 markets, a 1% drop from its first weekend. The film opened in the United Kingdom at #1, grossing $20.7 million from 523 locations (including previews), the market's biggest opening of 2010 (until Toy Story 3 surpassed it) and about $1.7 million more than New Moon grossed in its opening weekend in November 2009. The film also debuted at #1 in France, grossing $13.3 million, marking the third-largest opening in the country for a 2010 film (behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1's $20.7 million and Alice in Wonderland's $15.4 million). The film opened at number one in South Korea with $4.9 million.^[83]

The film ended its box-office run in the U.S. and Canada on October 21, 2010 having grossed $300,531,751, surpassing its predecessor New Moon, which grossed $296,623,634 a few months prior, to become the highest-grossing film of the franchise and the highest-grossing romantic fantasy, werewolf, and vampire movie of all time at the American and Canadian box office.^[84] It is the fourth movie of 2010 to reach $300 million and ranks 46th on the all-time chart in the United States and Canada. Compared to its predecessor overseas, it has grossed $393,047,815 against New Moon's $413,203,156. Therefore, internationally, Eclipse remains the second-highest-grossing film in the franchise with $693,579,566 against New Moon's $709,826,790.^[85]Eclipse's highest-grossing markets outside North America are the UK, Ireland, and Malta ($45,709,785), Germany ($33,087,955), France and the Maghreb region ($32,987,421), Italy ($19,984,000), Brazil ($30,499,010), and Australia ($28,566,737).^[86]

Critical response[edit]

Reviews for the film were mixed, but more favorable than New Moon. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 48% based on 241 reviews, with an average rating of 5.44/10. The website's critical consensus reads, 'Stuffed with characters and overly reliant on uninspired dialogue, Eclipse won't win The Twilight Saga many new converts, despite an improved blend of romance and action fantasy.'^[87] Review aggregation website Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film holds a rating score of 58/100 based on 38 reviews, indicating 'mixed or average reviews'.^[88]

The Hollywood Reporter posted a positive review of Eclipse, saying the film 'nails it'.^[89] Peter Debruge of Variety reports that the film 'finally feels more like the blockbuster this top-earning franchise deserves'.^[90] Rick Bentley of McClatchy Newspapers stated the film was the best in The Twilight Saga so far, suggesting that, 'The person who should be worried is Bill Condon, the director tapped for the two-part finale, Breaking Dawn. He's got a real challenge to make movies as good as Eclipse.'^[91]The New York Times'A. O. Scott praised David Slade's ability to make an entertaining film, calling it funny and better than its predecessors, but wrote that the acting has not improved much.^[92] Giving the film 4.5 out of 5 stars, Betsey Sharkey from the Los Angeles Times praised David Slade's method of blending his previous works to form a funny movie. She stated, 'Eclipse eclipse[s] its predecessors.'^[93] The film was also listed in 49th place by Moviefone on its list of the 50 best movies of 2010.^[94]

Roger Moore of the Orlando Sentinel gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, stating, 'The dullness of the performances really stands out when somebody like Bryce Dallas Howard, or Anna Kendrick turn up and liven up their scenes.' While calling the film 'too chatty and too long', he did compliment David Slade's directing and noted that the movie will please the fans.^[95] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, stating that David Slade's pacing is 'everything like molasses running uphill'. He also criticized the characters, the actors portraying them, the big close-ups of hand-held devices, and called Howard Shore's score 'gunk'.^[96] Wesley Morris from The Boston Globe stated, 'If the first two movies were 'get a room,' part three is 'get a therapist'. He said the second and third film 'repeat that discovery [in Twilight] without truly deepening it…the movies are interesting without ever being good.'^[97]

A mixed review said that while 'Eclipse restores some of the energy New Moon zapped out of the franchise and has enough quality performances to keep it involving', the film 'isn't quite the adrenaline-charged game-changer for love story haters that its marketing might lead you to believe. The majority of the 'action' remains protracted and not especially scintillating should-we-or-shouldn't-we conversations between the central triangle.'^[98]Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a more positive review than for the first two films in the saga, but still felt the movie was a constant, unclever conversation between the three main characters. He criticized the 'gazes' both Edward and Jacob give Bella throughout the movie, and noted that the mountain range that appears in the film looks 'like landscapes painted by that guy on TV who shows you how to paint stuff like that.' He also predicted that a lack of understanding for the film series in general would not bode well with the audience, stating, 'I doubt anyone not intimately familiar with the earlier installments could make head or tails of the opening scenes.' He gave the film 2 stars out of 4.^[99] Steve Persall of the St. Peterburg Times called the movie 'just monstrously bad', and said, 'Eclipse leaves the sputtering story arc in idle, with only an uneasy truce between the vampire and werewolf clans amounting to anything new' and rating it grade C-.^[100]The Guardian's columnist Peter Bradshaw gave the film a one-star rating in a review that lampooned Bella's continued abstinence, among other plot elements. Bradshaw, dubbing the series 'The epic of the unbroken duck', wrote that 'Bella Swan is starting to make Doris Day look like the nympho from hell', and concluded that 'it could be time to sharpen the wooden stake.'^[101]

Accolades[edit]

Sequels[edit]

Summit Entertainment announced in November 2008 that they had obtained the rights to the fourth book in the Twilight series, Breaking Dawn^[102] and greenlit a two film adaptation in April 2010. The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 was released on November 18, 2011 and Part 2 on November 16, 2012^[103][104] with Bill Condon directing, and author Stephenie Meyer co-producing.^[105]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Stephenie Meyer Midnight Sun

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Twilight Stephenie Meyer Pdf

External links[edit]

• The Twilight Saga: Eclipse on IMDb
• The Twilight Saga: Eclipse at AllMovie
• The Twilight Saga: Eclipse at Box Office Mojo
• The Twilight Saga: Eclipse at Rotten Tomatoes